[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/antibiotika-a-jejich-pouziti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/antibiotika-a-jejich-pouziti\/","headline":"Antibiotika a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed","name":"Antibiotika a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed","description":"Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejsklo\u0148ovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat posledn\u00ed doby jsou antibiotika. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o […]","datePublished":"2022-03-30","dateModified":"2023-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d6cba3ab97c30e0df0e32548954cb6b1550f4672bd3a4687bf1118b122d757e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d6cba3ab97c30e0df0e32548954cb6b1550f4672bd3a4687bf1118b122d757e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"doms.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/pills-gb242824ff_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/pills-gb242824ff_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/antibiotika-a-jejich-pouziti\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":369,"articleBody":"Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejsklo\u0148ovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat posledn\u00ed doby jsou antibiotika. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b velmi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, ale v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se objevuj\u00ed bakterie, kter\u00e9 jsou na mnoh\u00e1 antibiotika, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zn\u00e1me pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed infekc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nem\u00e1me \u010d\u00edm l\u00e9\u010dit. Jak je asi v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men antibiotik\u016fm polo\u017eil Alexander Fleming, kter\u00fd zjistil, \u017ee na \u017eivn\u00e9m agaru (co\u017e je p\u016fda, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro r\u016fst bakteri\u00ed) v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch m\u00edstech kam se dostala jist\u00e1 pl\u00edse\u0148 nic neroste. Jak u\u017e asi v\u0161ichni tu\u0161\u00ed, tou pl\u00edsn\u00ed bylo Penicillium, proto tak\u00e9 nejstar\u0161\u00ed antibiotika jsou peniciliny. Tyto jsou do te\u010f velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b streptokokov\u00e9 ang\u00edny a dal\u0161\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, funguj\u00ed ale tak\u00e9 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 gramnegativn\u00ed bakterie a t\u0159eba i na spirochety, kam bude pat\u0159it i Treponema pallidum, p\u016fvodce syfilidy. Na peniciliny si ale mnoho bakteri\u00ed vyvinulo rezistenci. Tento mechanismus funguje tak, \u017ee si bakterie um\u00ed vym\u011bnit kousek DNA, tzv. plazmidy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se jim vytvo\u0159\u00ed trochu jin\u00e9 c\u00edlov\u00e9 struktury antibiotik, co\u017e vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee dan\u00fd l\u00e9k u\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat. Takov\u00fdm brat\u0159\u00ed\u010dkem antibiotik jsou cefalosporiny. L\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed na velmi podobn\u00e9m principu jako peniciliny. T\u00edm, \u017ee jsou si s\u00a0peniciliny dost podobn\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou alergi\u010dt\u00ed na penicilin budou alergi\u010dt\u00ed tak\u00e9 na cefalosporiny. Dal\u0161\u00ed tzv. \u03b2-laktamov\u00e1 antibiotika pat\u0159\u00ed karbapenemy a monobaktamy. Karbapenemy jsou l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt na bakterie z\u00a0nemocni\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zde se toti\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed specifick\u00e9 druhy bakteri\u00ed plus i ty, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0norm\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale tyto jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce rezistentn\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed ale i dal\u0161\u00ed antibiotika, makrolidy, glykopeptidy, aminoglykosidy, tetracycliny a dal\u0161\u00ed. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinky se do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou v\u00edce specifick\u00e9 na ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy bakteri\u00ed, jin\u00e9 se zase nehod\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010dbu t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u010di d\u011bt\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.1\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Antibiotika a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.doms.cz\/antibiotika-a-jejich-pouziti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]